This course focuses on one particular complex system (e.g., music synthesizer, wireless transceiver, radar) to introduce a wide range of electrical engineering principles such as frequency response, noise, feedback, loading and interfacing. In a laboratory setting, students investigate the design of subsystems that may include amplifiers, oscillators, RF or opto-electronic circuits, A/D and D/A converters, and power circuits. By measuring the impact of the operating conditions on circuit performance, students learn the principles of systems engineering, development of a testbench, and proper documentation. By the end of the semester, the class will have developed a complete functioning system through reverse engineering.